Signaling system



June 3o, 1931. w, A KNOQP y 1,812,635

SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed June 29. 1929 AMP.

1 47 c/M/V/va *1 ll 2 Ib ll 4 5 Il 6 Il v 'V Il 8 H 9 l! l0 Il 'D I I I I I I ll 7 lll 9 l| 1on1-1i JJ WWW?" TTO/P/VEY Patented `lune 30, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE XVILLIAM A. KNOOP, OF HEMPST'EAD, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR '10 BELL TELEPHONE LAB- ORATORIES, INCORPORATED, Oll NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATON OF NEW YORK SIGNALING SYSTEM Application led .Tune 29,

This invention relates to transmission systems, and more particularly to systems adapted for long telegraph lines such as submarine cables.

`5 An object of this invention is to reproduce more accurately at a receiving station high speed signalstransmitted over a long telegraphic line. Y

In operating telegraph apparatus b y re- 10 versals of current over long transmission lines the signaling currents are so reduced in strength by the action of the resistance, electrostatic capacity and inductance of the line that the speed of transmission is limited to 15 that at which the short pulses after being amplified at the receiving end of the line are just strong enough to operate a line relay which is utilized for the purpose of regenerating the pulse currents, so as to effect 20 a complete registration of the, message. Moreover the effect of the attenuation of such lines on these transmitted signals is to reduce the amplitude of the short pulses to a greater extent than the long ones. i It has been proposed heretofore to emplo a pair of vibrating relays controlled from the distributor at the receiving station toV supply pulses which may be lost in transmission. Such a system is disclosed in U. S. Patent 1,680,550, granted to M. B. Kerr on August 14, 1928, wherein a vibrating relay and an auxiliary vibr'ating relay are alternately operated in conjunction with the rotary distributor to reproduce the signals that are received and to interpolate impulses which have been lost in transmission. The main vibrating relay has one winding, which is responsive to signals received from the line through a three-position signal relay and is independent of the distributor, and a second winding which is connected through the distributor to the armature of the auxiliary vibrating relay. The auxiliary vibrating relay winding is connected through the distributor to the armature of the main vibrating relay. Also connected to the armature of the main vibrating relay is the Winding of the printer relay and therefore any operation of the main vibrating relay is effective to 0pcrate Itheprinter relay. Inthis circuit ar- 1929. Serial No. 374,734.

vention provides a circuit arrangement' which effects a considerable decreaserin liability of false operation of the printer. This is accomplished by operating the printer relay from the auxiliary vibrating relay in-- stead of from the main vibrating relay, and inasmuch `as the operating circuit of the auxiliary vibrating relay extends through the rotary distributor, any unduly long impulses are shortened to their proper' length when the rotatable brush engages the dead segments of the distributor.

The above and other objects and advantages of this invention are set forth in the following description and appended claims, and may be more readily understood if considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrating the invention, in which the single figure shows a vibrating relay circuit including the two sets of segmented receiving rings at the receiving distributor. l j

Referring now to the drawing, there is disclosed the receiving apparatus at station X which is connected by submarine telegraph cable 10 toa distant station (not shown). Each station is provided with a specialrotary distributor which is arranged to rotate in synchrcnism in accordance with practice well-known in the art. Of the distributor at station X, only the receiving section is shown and this section is shown in part only as representing the segments of one channel. Cable 10 is shown connected to the input circuit of a space discharge or other type of amplifier. To the output circuit of the amplier there is connectedl a signal relay l1 of the polarized type arranged forthree operating positions, nameum. uw

ly positive, negative and zero or neutral. lVhen the transmission speed is increased a considerable amount, the unit length signaling impul transmitted over the cable are damped down to such an extent that even after amplilication they will not operate relay 11 and therefore are lost. In order to lill the gaps introduced in the received signals due to this condition current impulses in synchronism with the received signals are generated in a vibrating relay circuit which comprises a set of segmented rings 30 ot the receiving distributor, line or vibrating relay 17, and auxiliary vibrating relay 20. Only the incoming line impulses of two or more units length are of suiticient strength atter amplification to operate relay 11 and in response to such impulses the relay nieves its armature to either its positive or its negative position in accordance with the polarity of the impulses` in order to regenerate pulses correspoiulingY lo those which are received and are of suiiicient strength to operate relay 1l. Relays 1 7 and 2O are of the unbiased polarized type and are arranged to be so interconnected through the segments oi ringset 30 that each controls the energizing circuit of the other to cause the amature of each to execute one circle oiE movement during each two unit intervals provided no out-o-phase signaling impluses of sufficient strength to control the vibration, are incoming over the line. The movement of the auxiliary vibrating relay armature controls the printer through the unbiased polarized printer relay 33. The armature of relay 33 vibrates in synchronism with the auxiliary vibrating relay armature to impress positive and negative potentials alternately upon the printer magnets [il to 4:5 inclusive through the receiving rings 40, during successive signaling inter vals providing the operation is not modified by incoming line impulses. The polar-ities of the pulses effected by relay 33 will always correspond to those effected by relay 20.

Relay 17 is provided with two polarizing windings, oned cl'iaracterized as a holding winding arranged to be energized by the incoming impulses, andthe other as a vibrating winding arranged to be energized by the vibrating circuit. then relay l1 responds to Aa long pulse incoming over the line the circuit is closed through the holding or right-hand winding oi relay 17 and the relay is so arranged that the current therethrough predominates over that which may be iiowing through the vibrating or leithand winding at the same time, and the vibration of the armature of relay 17 is checked, the armature resting against the contact corresponding in polarity to that of the incoming pulse and remaining in such position until the end of the pulse, when the vibrations are resumed. In this way the ,een

short pulses which are lost in transmission are replaced by these alternate impulses ot positive and negative polarity in their respective positions in the signal combinations, and therefore a complete record of all the signals is obtained.

Before beginning a detailed description ot the operation of the arrangement shown in the drawing, it would be well to note that the receiving section of the distributor at station X comprises two sets of rings 3() and l() which have, for the sake of clearness, been shown developed. Section 30 consists of two rings 27 and 28, both divided into segments, which are adapted to be bridged by brush 38, and set 40, likewise consisting ot two rings 29 and 31, has one ring continuous and the other ring` segmented, both rings being bridged by brush 39. Brushes 38 and 39 are secured to an arm (not shown) which is arranged to be eontinuous'sly rotated by means oi' the motor (also not shown). As-

suming that the distributor is designed to transmit over tive channels the ring 28 is divided into fifty equal segments, ten of which are shown as representing one channel. Ring 27 is divided into one hundred segments of two different lengths, the odd numbered segments representing those of the long length and the even numbered segments, those of the short length. The odd numbered segments are alternately interconnected to form two groups which are respectively connected to the armatures of vibrating relays 17 and 20. The even numbered segments are left dead and are provided as buffers to prevent short circuits between the armatures of the relays 17 and 2() as the brush passes from segment to segment. The segments of ring 28 are likewise interconnected alternately and arranged in two groups, one group being connected to the vibrating winding of relay 17 and the other to' the winding of relay 20. The odd numbered or long segments of ring 27 are arranged so that their centers are located on radial lines with the centers of their respectively adjacent segments of ring The ring set 40 which constitutes the receiving rings proper has its continuous ring 2) connected to the armature of relay and its segmented ring 21 which is divided into fifty equal parts, is arranged to have its even numbered segments connected to the selector magnets of live printers, the magnets of only one printer being shown in the drawing which is sufiicient for the purpose of describing the invention. The odd numbered segments of ring 3l are left dead and serve as buffers to permit a positive break between the successive pulses to the selector magnets'.

` The operation of the arrangement shown in the drawing is as follows: When no cur- 27and 28 respectively, closes a circuit from the positive pole of battery 23, armature and plus or `upper contact of auxiliary re'lay20, conductor 21, segments 99 and 50 interconnected by brush 38, rheostat 2G, through the vibrating winding 19 of relay 17 to the negy ative pole of battery 23, and the current flowing through Winding 19 in this circuit will operate relay 17 to thereby move the armature-thereof into the same position as that of the auxiliary relay 20, that is, interconnection vwith its associated plus or upper contact. The operation of relay 17 then prepares a circuit which is closed when brush 38 in rotating reaches segment No. 1 of ring 27 and which extends from the positive pole of battery 23, plus or upper contact and armature of relay 17, conductor 22, segments No. 1 of both rings 27 and 28, conductor 47, through the windings of relay 2O to the negative pole of battery 23. Relay 20 now operates and moves its armature into connection with its minus or lower Contact which position is opposite to that now assumedby relay 17. When brushl 38 reaches segment No. 3 of ring 27 a circuit is closed extending from the negative pole of battery 24, minus or lower Contact and armature of relay 20, conductor 21, segments Nos. 3 and 2 of rings 27 and 28 respectively, rheostat 26, through winding 19 of relay 17 to the positive pole of battery 24, and relay 17 now moves its armature into engagement with its minus or lower contact. As brush 38 continues rotating and engages segment No. 5 of ring 27 a circuit is closed extending from the negative pole of battery 24, lower contact and armature of relay 17', conductor 22, segments Nos. 5 and 3 of rings 27 and 28 respectively, conductor 47 through the windings of relay 20 to the positive pole of battery 24, and relay 2O now operates to move its armature over to its plus or upper contact. If this brush operation were continued while no effective impulses were incoming over the line, relays 17 and 2O would continue vibrating. Relay 17 always moves into the same position assumed by relay 2O and immediately thereafter relay 20 moves over to its opposite position.

It will be noted that conductor 32 and Winding 19 of relay 17 are connected in parallel through ring set 30, over the armature of relay 2O to either of batteries 23 or 24 and therefore printer relay 33 and vibrating relay 17 are similarly responsive to the impulses received over the contacts of relay 2O over a circuit completed every time brush 38 engages a segment connected to conductor 21. Relay 33 therefore operates from the armature of auxiliary relay 2() through ring set instead of directly from the armature of relay 17 asxha's heretoforeL been the practice. By causing the reproduced impulses to flow through the distributor instead ofdirectly to the printer relay the dead segments of ring 27 are utilized to*` shorten any unduly long impulses repeatedv by signal relay 11 and therefore, the impulses energizing relay 33 are more nearly a true length. A Y Y Vhen the incoming signals, that is,\those of two or more pulses are of sufficient strength after amplification to operate relay 11 a current impulse is sent through a signal loop 49 and the holdingwinding 18 of y relay 17. If the current thus produced in winding 18 is opposite to that flowing simultaneously in winding 19, relay 17 will be prevented from vibrating and the armature thereof will be held in the position in which itwas previously moved. VThe auxiliary relay 20 will also he prevented from vibrating and the polarity of the next vibrating impulse through the winding 19 of relay 17 will 'be the same as the previous one, thereby again tending to move the armature of relay 17 away from the contact against which itis resting. `The polarity of the holding winding 18 'is so arranged that the current impulses flowing therethrough cause the armature of relay 171to move in the same direction as that of the relay 11 and by adjusting the relative strengths of the loop andv vibrating current impulses .by means of rheostats 25 and 26 respectively, the current in the loop circuit is made stronger than that in the'vibrating circuit so that relay17 will follow the operations of relay 11 irrespective of the polarity of the current impulses sentsimultanneously throughthe vibratingwinding 19. rI'he minimum strength of the current pulses in the vibrating current relay is caused by the rheostat 2G to be just strong enoughV to operate relay 17 when the signal loop 49 is open. With this arrangement the vibrating impulses control the operation of relay 17 only when the signal loop is open.

Inasmuch as brush V38 is mounted on the same brush arm (not shown) as the receiving brush 39, the vibrating impulses will Abe in synchronism with the unit impulsesV of the signals received fromv the line or cable; provided, of course, thatrbrush 39 is inV synchronism with such signals.. It is clear then that if any of the unit lengthimpulses of the received signals are dropped out by failure of the signal relay 11 to make contact on either side, there will always be a Avibrating pulse flowing in the vibratingwinding 19 at the same instant so as to cause relay 17 to operate thereby operating relay20 tto reinsert such pulses. Therefore the operations of relay 17 resulting'from the combined control-of the holding and vibrating windingsy operate relay 20 which actually reproduces the signals as they Were originally sent out from the distant sending distributor and these signals are sent to the printer by the relay 33., Where a record is made to show the complete signal combinations as originally transmitted.

What is-claimed is:

l. In a telegraph system, a signaling line, a plurality of receiving magnets, a device forrepeating impulses of reversed polarity to said magnets, a distributor, electromagnetic means operating in conjunction With said distributor for operating said device, other electromagnetic means, said means being arranged to control each other, and meansresponsive to impulses received over said line for controlling the second mentioned electromagnetic means independently of said distributor and the firstV mentioned electromagnetic means.

2.` In a telegraph syste-m, a signaling line over 'which signaling impulses are attenuated, a lplurality of receiving magnets, a device for repeating impulses of reversed polarity to said magnets, a distributor, electromagnetic means operating in conjunction with said distributor for operating said device, other electromagnetic means comprising a pair of energizing elements, one of said elements being arranged to' be energized from the impulses received from the first such electromagnetic means through said distributor, and the other arranged to be energized from the impulses received over the line independent of said distributor.

3. A telegraph system comprising a line,

a plurality of receiving magnets, a device for repeating impulses of reversed polarity to said magnets, a pair of electromagnetic devices arranged to control each other through a distributor, characterized in this that one of said electromagnetic devices is responsive to impulses received from the line, and the other of said electromagnetic devices is effective' to operate the repeating device through said distributor.

4. In a telegraph system, an electromagnetic device, a plurality of receiving magnets responsive to said device, a pair of electromagnetic devices including armatures therefor for transmitting impulses of reversed polarity to the lirst of said devices, and means including a distributor for operatingv the armatures of said pair of electromagneticl devices, the first mentioned devices being under the control of the other of said devices through the distributor.

5. In a telegraph system, an electromagnetic device, a plurality of receiving magnets responsive to said device, a pair' of electromagnetic devices arranged to operate alternately to produce alternate impulses of positive and negative pola-rities, a distributor for eifectingthe alternate operation of said pair of devices, and means for effecting the operation of the first mentioned device directly through said distributor.

6. In a telegraph system, a distributor, a relay including an armature, a second relay including an armature and a third relay arranged to produce through said distributor a magnetic effect on the armatures of said iirst and second relays simultaneously.

7. In a signaling system, a transmission line over which the signaling impulses transmitted are so attenuated that the dot im pulses are not received, a plurality of printer magnets, a first and second electromagnetic means, each of said electromagnet-ic means being under the control of the other over -circuits including a distributor, means for operating the first of said electromagnetic means in response to impulses received over said line, and to impulses received from the second of said electromagnetic means when no impulses are received over the line, and means under the direct control of the second electromagnetic means and distributor for operating said printer magnets.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 29th day of June, 1929.

WILLIAM A.. KNOOP. 

